Published: 29.6.23

Updated: 1.8.24

Have you ever wondered what the term 'CC' stands for when you're out shopping for a new motorcycle?

If you're a biking enthusiast or a beginner, you'll come across this term quite often. 

Let's delve into the world of motorcycles and decipher what 'CC' means and how it influences your ride.

The Short Answer to "What Does CC Mean in Motorcycles?"

CC in motorcycles refers to 'Cubic Centimetres', denoting the size of the engine's compression chamber. A larger chamber, indicated by a higher CC value, provides more space for the fuel-air mixture, thereby producing more power and speed. However, it's important to note that the CC isn't the sole factor influencing a bike's performance - other elements like weight, horsepower, torque, and power-to-weight ratio also play significant roles.

Understanding 'CC'

'CC' is an acronym for Cubic Centimetres, and it pertains to the volume of the engine's compression chamber, essentially referring to the engine's size.

The larger this chamber, the greater the amount of air and fuel that can be compressed, leading to a more potent engine capable of generating greater speed and power.

The use of CC as a standard measure in motorcycles has its roots in the early 20th century.

As motorcycle technology evolved, manufacturers needed a consistent way to describe engine size and power.

The cubic centimeter measurement emerged as a practical solution, providing a clear and comparable metric across different makes and models.

In the 1920s and 1930s, as motorcycle racing gained popularity, CC became increasingly important for categorising bikes into different classes.

This standardization allowed for fair competition and helped consumers understand the relative power of different motorcycles.

Over time, CC has become deeply ingrained in motorcycle culture, serving as a quick reference for engine capacity and a rough indicator of a bike's performance capabilities.

Today, while other factors like horsepower and torque are also important performance indicators, CC remains a fundamental specification in the motorcycle world.

It continues to play a crucial role in licensing regulations, insurance classifications, and consumer decision-making when choosing a motorcycle.

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The Meaning of 'CC' in Motorcycles

In the context of motorcycles, the cubic capacity of the engine is a key determinant of the engine's output, influencing its torque, horsepower, and mileage.

Different CC Sizes

When it comes to motorcycles, engine sizes can vary significantly.

Related: How Fast Do Mopeds Of 50cc, 100cc, 125cc & 150cc Go?

Let's look at some common sizes and popular models in each category.

The characteristics in this table are general guides. Actual performance can vary based on specific models and manufacturers.

Here are the different CC sizes for motorcycles with examples:

• Lightweight bikes (50cc to 350cc): Honda Grom (125cc), KTM 390 Duke (373cc)
• Learner bikes and scooters (typically 125cc): Vespa Primavera 125, Honda PCX125
• Middleweight bikes (400cc to 950cc): Kawasaki Ninja 650 (649cc), Yamaha MT-07 (689cc)
• Most common bikes (400cc to 1,000cc): Honda CB500F (471cc), Suzuki SV650 (645cc)
• Heavy bikes (1,000cc to 6,500cc): BMW R1250GS (1254cc), Harley-Davidson Road Glide (1868cc)
• Harley Davidson range: Iron 883 (883cc) to CVO Road Glide (1923cc)
• Indian Motorcycle range: Scout Sixty (1000cc) to Roadmaster (1890cc)
• Honda range: Monkey (125cc) to Gold Wing (1833cc)
• Suzuki range: GSX-R125 (124cc) to Hayabusa (1340cc)
• Kawasaki range: Z125 Pro (125cc) to Ninja H2 (998cc supercharged)
• Modern singles: KTM 390 Duke (373cc), BMW G310R (313cc)
• Twins: Triumph Bonneville T100 (900cc), Ducati Panigale V2 (955cc)
• Triples: Triumph Street Triple RS (765cc), Yamaha MT-09 (890cc)

It's important to note that engine size should be considered based on the type of motorcycle and its intended use.

Different types of motorcycles have different engine sizes, ranging from around 50cc on the low end to upwards of 1800cc on some sports cruisers.

When choosing a motorcycle, consider factors beyond just engine size, such as your riding experience, intended use (commuting, touring, off-road), and local licensing requirements.

Each CC range offers unique advantages in terms of power, fuel efficiency, and handling characteristics.

Environmental Impact of Different CC Sizes

The environmental impact of motorcycles varies significantly across different engine sizes (CC).

Understanding these differences is crucial for riders who want to make environmentally conscious choices.

Emissions and Fuel Consumption

Generally, as engine size increases, so does the environmental impact:

Small engines (50-125cc): Typically produce the least emissions and have the best fuel economy. For example, a 125cc scooter might emit around 60g CO2/km.

Mid-size engines (250-500cc): Moderate emissions and fuel consumption. A 250cc motorcycle might emit approximately 80-100g CO2/km.

Large engines (600cc+): Highest emissions and fuel consumption. A 1000cc sportbike could emit 120g CO2/km or more.

However, it's important to note that emissions are not solely determined by engine size.

Factors like engine technology, riding style, and maintenance also play significant roles.

Eco-Friendly Options

The motorcycle industry is responding to environmental concerns with innovations across all CC ranges:

Electric motorcycles: Available in various sizes, from small scooters to high-performance bikes, offering zero direct emissions.

Hybrid motorcycles: Still in development, but promising reduced emissions for larger CC bikes.

Fuel-efficient technologies: Many manufacturers are implementing technologies like fuel injection and start-stop systems across CC ranges to improve efficiency.

Lifecycle Considerations

When assessing environmental impact, it's crucial to consider the entire lifecycle of the motorcycle:

Production: Larger CC bikes generally require more resources to manufacture.

Use phase: This is where the most significant environmental impact occurs, primarily through fuel consumption and emissions.

End-of-life: Proper recycling and disposal are important for all motorcycles, regardless of CC. Balancing Performance and Environmental Impact

For riders looking to minimise their environmental footprint:

Consider your actual needs: A smaller CC bike might suffice for urban commuting. Look for fuel-efficient models within your desired CC range.

Maintain your motorcycle properly to ensure optimal performance and minimal emissions. Consider electric options if they meet your riding requirements.

Regulatory Impact

Emission standards are becoming stricter globally, pushing manufacturers to develop cleaner technologies across all CC ranges.

For instance, the Euro 5 standards in Europe apply to all new motorcycles, regardless of engine size, encouraging cleaner technologies even in larger CC bikes.

In conclusion, while larger CC motorcycles generally have a greater environmental impact, technological advancements are narrowing this gap.

Riders can make environmentally conscious choices within their preferred CC range by considering fuel efficiency, emissions standards, and emerging eco-friendly technologies.

If you're interested in purchasing a kids electric ride on motorbike you can take a look at our vast collection here.

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Motorcycle Types by CC Size

This table is a simplified representation and actual engine sizes can vary based on the specific model and manufacturer.

This will offer readers a quick reference point when considering the kind of motorcycle that would best suit their needs based on CC sizes.

If you're interested in what size dirt bike you should get, you may be interested in this article.

Related: How Tall Do You Have to Be To Ride a Motorbike?

What Is The Perfect CC For Kids Motorbikes?

The perfect cc for kids' motorbikes depends on the child's age, height, and experience level (123456). 

Here are some cc recommendations based on age:

• 3-7 years old: 50cc
• 7-12 years old: 50cc-110cc
• 12-14 years old: 125cc
• 14-16 years old: 125cc-250cc

It is important to note that these are general recommendations, and the child's height and experience level should also be considered when choosing the right size dirt bike. 

For example, a child who is taller than average for their age may need a larger engine size than a child who is shorter than average. 

It is also recommended to start with a smaller engine size and gradually move up as the child gains experience and confidence.

Related: LEGAL AGE for 50cc Dirt Bikes

The Role of 'CC' in Performance

'CC' not only influences the speed and power of a bike but also its fuel efficiency.

Understanding this relationship can help riders make informed decisions about their motorcycle choice.

Power & Speed

Higher CC means a larger engine volume which allows for more fuel to be combusted at once, thus increasing the power output and speed. However, this relationship isn't always linear, as factors like engine design, weight, and aerodynamics also play crucial roles.

Fuel Efficiency

Generally, smaller CC engines tend to be more fuel-efficient, but this can vary based on riding conditions and bike design.

Here's a comparison of average fuel efficiency across different CC sizes:

It's important to note that these figures are approximate and can vary significantly based on factors such as:

1. Riding style (aggressive vs. conservative)
2. Road conditions and terrain
3. Maintenance of the motorcycle
4. Use of aftermarket modifications

For example, a well-maintained 125cc scooter ridden conservatively in urban conditions might achieve better fuel efficiency than the average, while a 1000cc sports bike ridden aggressively on highways might fall below the average range.

Additionally, advancements in engine technology have led to improvements in fuel efficiency across all CC ranges. Modern fuel injection systems, for instance, can help larger engines achieve better fuel economy than older, smaller engines.

When considering the role of CC in performance, it's crucial to balance your needs for power and speed with fuel efficiency. For daily commuting in urban areas, a smaller CC bike might be more practical, while for long-distance touring or high-performance riding, a larger CC bike could be more suitable despite lower fuel efficiency.

Related: High Powered Range of kids toys.

Mileage & Efficiency

While a larger engine may result in more power, it may not always equate to better fuel efficiency. In fact, a smaller engine tends to be more fuel-efficient.

Other Influencing Factors

It's crucial to remember that 'CC' isn't the sole determinant of a bike's performance.

Several other factors play significant roles in how a motorcycle performs on the road.

Weight

The weight of the motorcycle plays a significant role in its overall performance. A lighter bike may not require as high a CC as a heavier one to achieve the same speed.

Weight affects acceleration, braking, and handling characteristics.

For instance, a 600cc sportbike might outperform a 1000cc cruiser in certain scenarios due to its lighter weight.

Horsepower

Horsepower, or the rate at which the engine can do work, also plays a crucial part. It determines how quickly a bike can reach its top speed and how well it can maintain that speed.

While CC often correlates with horsepower, modern engine designs and technologies can allow smaller engines to produce impressive horsepower figures.

Power-to-Weight Ratio

This ratio is key to a bike's performance. A bike with a high power-to-weight ratio will generally be quicker than one with a low ratio, even if the latter has a higher CC.

This is why lightweight sportbikes can often outperform larger, more powerful cruisers in terms of acceleration and agility.

Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics play a crucial role in motorcycle performance, especially at higher speeds.

Here's how aerodynamics impact various aspects of riding:

1. Top Speed: A more aerodynamic design reduces air resistance, allowing the bike to achieve higher top speeds with the same engine power.

2. Fuel Efficiency: Better aerodynamics mean the engine doesn't have to work as hard to overcome air resistance, potentially improving fuel economy.

3. Stability: Proper aerodynamic design can improve stability at high speeds by reducing lift and improving downforce.

4. Rider Comfort: Aerodynamic fairings and windscreens can reduce wind buffeting, making long rides more comfortable.

5. Cooling: Well-designed aerodynamics can improve airflow to critical components like the engine and brakes, enhancing cooling efficiency.

Different types of motorcycles prioritize aerodynamics differently. For example:

• Sport bikes: Highly aerodynamic with full fairings to maximize speed and efficiency
• Touring bikes: Designed with aerodynamics that prioritize rider comfort for long distances
• Naked bikes: Less aerodynamic, but often compensate with more upright riding positions and wind protection for the rider

It's worth noting that while improved aerodynamics can significantly enhance performance, they often come at the cost of increased complexity and potentially higher manufacturing costs.

Understanding these factors alongside CC can provide a more comprehensive view of a motorcycle's performance capabilities.

When choosing a bike, consider how these elements work together to create the overall riding experience you're seeking.

'CC' and Fuel Efficiency

Fuel efficiency is another key aspect to consider. Generally, smaller engines with lower CC ratings are more fuel-efficient than larger engines with higher CC ratings.

Smaller Engines vs Larger Engines

Lightweight 50-125cc bikes can reach up to 90-150 MPG, whereas larger 600-1300cc sportbikes, while offering impressive performance and top speed, tend to have poor fuel consumption, usually getting 30-50 MPG.

Real-world Efficiency

Keep in mind that manufacturer-claimed fuel economy numbers might not always align with real-world fuel economy. Real-world fuel efficiency can vary based on several factors.

'CC' and Bike Types

The choice of 'CC' should also depend on the type of motorcycle and its intended use.

Cruiser and Touring Models

Bikes with higher CC engines, like cruiser and touring models, are larger, come with more features, and are designed for long-distance riding. However, they might require more skill to handle due to their increased power and weight.

Bikes for Crowded Areas

Conversely, bikes with smaller engine capacities are better on gas, and easier to handle and manoeuvre, especially for beginners or in crowded city environments.

They offer greater agility, which is a considerable advantage in high-traffic areas.

Safety Considerations for High CC Motorcycles

1. Enhanced Safety Gear

• Full-face helmets: Maximum head and face protection
• Reinforced riding jackets and pants: Advanced impact and abrasion protection
• Sturdy boots: Over-the-ankle with reinforced toe and heel areas
• Specialized gloves: Designed for high-speed riding with extra protection

2. Advanced Rider Training

• Enroll in advanced rider courses like Total Control
• Practice emergency maneuvers regularly
• Participate in track days to safely explore bike capabilities

3. Handling High Power

• Smooth throttle control: Practice progressive application
• Proper body positioning: Learn correct techniques for high-speed cornering
• Braking technique: Master both front and rear brake usage

4. Additional Safety Measures

• ABS and traction control: Understand these systems thoroughly
• Regular maintenance: Keep up with scheduled services and pre-ride checks
• Situational awareness: Always be alert to your surroundings

5. Mental Preparation

• Respect the power of your high CC motorcycle
• Ride within your limits: Speed isn't always necessary
• Continuous learning: Stay updated on riding techniques and safety practices

Remember: With great power comes great responsibility. Always prioritize safety over speed, and continuously improve your riding skills to match your motorcycle's capabilities.

The Future of Motorcycle Engine Technology

The motorcycle industry is on the cusp of a technological revolution, with innovations in engine design and power sources reshaping the future of two-wheeled transportation.

This evolution is driven by environmental concerns, advancements in electric vehicle technology, and the pursuit of enhanced performance.

Electric Powertrains: The New Frontier

Electric motorcycles are at the forefront of engine technology innovation:

• Improved Battery Technology: Energy density in batteries has increased by 400% over the past 30 years, with costs per kWh falling by 99%.
• This trend is expected to continue, addressing range anxiety and performance concerns.
• Enhanced Performance: Electric motorcycles are showing rapid improvements in racing scenarios.
• For instance, the 2023 MotoE pole lap time was 2.9 seconds faster than the previous year, a significant leap compared to the marginal improvements in traditional MotoGP bikes.
• Innovative Designs: Companies like Damon are pushing boundaries with features like shape-shifting ergonomics and AI that adapts to individual riders.

Hybrid Technologies

While fully electric motorcycles are gaining traction, hybrid technologies are also being explored:

• Combining electric motors with small internal combustion engines for extended range and improved efficiency.
• Potential for regenerative braking systems to enhance energy recovery and extend battery life.

Advanced Materials and Manufacturing

The future of motorcycle engines will likely involve:

• Lightweight Materials: Use of carbon fiber and advanced alloys to reduce weight and improve performance. Ducati, for instance, is pioneering a carbon fiber battery case for the 2023 MotoE race series.
• 3D Printing: Enabling the production of complex, lightweight components that were previously impossible or too costly to manufacture.

Smart Engine Management Systems

Future motorcycle engines will be smarter:

• AI-driven engine management for optimal performance and efficiency.
• Predictive maintenance systems to alert riders of potential issues before they occur.
• Adaptive power delivery based on riding conditions and rider preferences.

Environmental Considerations

The push for sustainability is driving innovation:

• Zero-emission technologies beyond just electric, such as hydrogen fuel cells.
• Use of sustainable materials in engine components. Yamaha, for example, is exploring plant-derived cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced resin for motorcycle parts.

Challenges and Opportunities

While the future of motorcycle engine technology is promising, challenges remain:

• Charging Infrastructure: The need for a robust charging network to support long-distance travel on electric motorcycles.
• Battery Technology: Continued improvements in energy density and charging speeds are crucial for widespread adoption.
• Rider Acceptance: Convincing traditional motorcycle enthusiasts to embrace new technologies and riding experiences.

The future of motorcycle engine technology is a blend of electric innovation, smart systems, and sustainable practices.

As these technologies mature, we can expect motorcycles that are not only more environmentally friendly but also offer enhanced performance, customisation, and rider experience.

The industry is moving rapidly, and the motorcycles of the near future may be radically different from what we see on the roads today.

In Summary

To summarise, 'CC' is a crucial factor in motorcycles, influencing their performance, power, speed, and fuel efficiency. However, it's equally important to consider other aspects such as the bike's weight, horsepower, and power-to-weight ratio, among others.

Understanding what 'CC' is and how it impacts a bike's performance can help you make an informed decision when you're on the lookout for your next ride. So, keep these points in mind, and you're sure to find a bike that fits your specific needs.

FAQs

Does higher cc mean faster?

While a higher 'CC' often means a faster motorcycle due to greater power generation, it's not the only factor to consider. The bike's weight, aerodynamics, and design, among other factors, also play significant roles in its overall speed.

How many cc is good for a motorcycle?

The 'CC' that's considered "good" for a motorcycle largely depends on the rider's experience and the intended use of the bike. Beginners may find 100cc to 125cc bikes easier to handle, while more experienced riders may prefer 600cc to 1000cc bikes for greater power and speed. For long-distance touring, bikes with higher CC, such as 1000cc to 1800cc, are often preferred due to their robust performance and comfortable ride.

Do I need a special licence for a higher cc motorcycle?

Licensing requirements for motorcycles can vary depending on the location. Some regions require different licenses based on the bike's 'CC'. For example, in some areas, you may need to have a specific motorcycle license or an endorsement on your regular driver's license to ride a motorcycle above a certain 'CC'. Always check with your local transport authority for the most accurate information.