Age and Power Restrictions for UK Motorcycle Licences 2024

Published: 12.12.23

Updated: 27.8.24

Navigating he world of motorcycle licences in the UK can be a complex journey.

With varying age and power restrictions, it's essential for potential riders, whether they're young enthusiasts or seasoned motorcyclists, to understand the specific requirements for each licence category.

This article aims to demystify these regulations, providing a clear roadmap to legal and safe riding in the UK.

Compulsory Basic Training (CBT)

The first milestone for any aspiring motorcyclist in the UK is the Compulsory Basic Training (CBT).

This training, also known as the DL196 Certificate, is the foundation, ensuring that every rider has the basic skills and knowledge to safely navigate the roads.

The minimum age for undertaking CBT is 16, marking the starting point of a thrilling and responsible riding journey on both mopeds and motorcycles.

CBT Process and Duration

The CBT course typically lasts a full day, usually around 6-8 hours, and consists of five essential elements:

1. Introduction and eyesight check: An overview of the course and a basic eyesight test.
2. On-site training: Introduction to motorcycle controls and basic safety checks.
3. On-site riding: Developing fundamental riding skills in a controlled environment.
4. On-road training: Theoretical instruction on road safety and traffic rules.
5. On-road riding: At least 2 hours of supervised riding on public roads.

Trainees progress through each element at their own pace, moving to the next stage only when the instructor is satisfied with their performance.

It's important to note that CBT is not a test but a training course designed to ensure riders can safely operate a motorcycle or moped on public roads.

Costs and Availability

The cost of CBT training in the UK varies depending on location, training provider, and whether you need to hire equipment.

Prices typically range from £120 to £300. Some providers offer competitive rates, with courses available from as low as £99 in certain areas.

It's advisable to shop around and compare prices, keeping in mind that the cheapest option may not always be the best in terms of quality and thoroughness of training.

What You Get

Upon successful completion of the CBT course, you'll receive a DL196 certificate. This allows you to:

• Ride a moped (up to 50cc) if you're 16 or over.
• Ride a motorcycle up to 125cc with a power output of up to 11kW if you're 17 or over.

However, there are some restrictions:

• You must display L plates (L or D plates in Wales).
• You cannot carry passengers or ride on motorways.
• The certificate is valid for two years, after which you must either retake the CBT or pass your full motorcycle test.

Preparing for CBT

While no formal theory test is required for CBT, a basic understanding of the Highway Code is beneficial.

To prepare effectively for your CBT, consider the following tips:

1. Study the Highway Code: Familiarise yourself with road signs, traffic rules, and basic motorcycle safety.

2. Watch CBT training videos: View official DVSA videos on YouTube to get an idea of what to expect during your training day.

3. Practice balance: If you're comfortable riding a bicycle, you'll likely find it easier to balance on a motorcycle.

4. Gather necessary documents: Bring your valid UK provisional or full driving licence. EU licence holders must bring a returned D9 form with their EU licence photocard.

5. Wear appropriate clothing: Choose thick material like leather or heavy denim for jackets and trousers. Sturdy boots are essential - trainers or plimsolls are not allowed.

6. Arrive prepared: Double-check your booking details, plan your journey, and arrive early. Tardiness may result in you being unable to train due to DVSA regulations.

7. Eye test preparation: Ensure you can read a number plate from 20 meters away. Bring glasses or contact lenses if you normally wear them.

Common challenges for new riders include mastering clutch control, maintaining proper balance at low speeds, and developing situational awareness.

Focusing on these areas during your preparation can help you feel more confident on the day of your CBT.

Continuous Learning

Remember, CBT is just the beginning of your motorcycling journey.

It provides the essential skills to start riding safely, but continuous learning and practice are key to becoming a proficient and responsible motorcyclist.

Licence Categories and Minimum Age Requirements

The UK motorcycle licensing system is designed to provide a progressive path for riders, allowing them to gain experience gradually with increasing motorcycle power and performance.

Here's a breakdown of the main categories:

Mopeds and Light Quadricycles (AM Licence)

For those starting young, at the age of 16, mopeds and light quadricycles are the go-to options.

These vehicles offer a sense of freedom and mobility, ideal for teenagers eager to explore on two wheels. The AM licence covers:

• Mopeds with a speed range of 25 km/h to 45 km/h
• Small 3-wheelers (up to 50 cc and below 4 kW)
• Light quadricycles (weighing under 350 kg, top speed 45 km/h)

Light Motorcycles and 125cc Category (A1 Licence)

At 17, the roads open up a bit more with light motorcycles up to 11 kW and 125 cc, falling under the A1 Motorcycle Licence category.

This category is perfect for those who have outgrown mopeds and are looking for something with a bit more power, like junior sports bikes.

Comparison of Licence Categories

Here's a detailed comparison of the different motorcycle licence categories, highlighting their benefits and limitations:

Related: Understanding Motorcycle CC: What Does CC Mean?

Motor Tricycles

Also accessible from age 17, motor tricycles offer a different riding experience, with a power output not exceeding 15 kW.

They provide stability and a unique style for those seeking an alternative to two-wheeled options.

Standard Motorcycles

Once you reach 19, standard motorcycles up to 35 kW become available, categorised under the A2 Licence.

This license allows riders to operate bikes with a maximum BHP of 47, offering more power and a wider range of motorcycles to choose from, including unrestricted bikes.

Unrestricted Motorcycles

For the ultimate riding experience, unrestricted motorcycles are available from age 24 (direct access) or 21 (progressive access).

This category is for the true motorcycle enthusiast seeking the full power and capabilities of motorcycling.

Licence Categories and Minimum Age Requirements

Related: How Old Do You Have To Be To Ride A Dirt Bike?

Direct Access and Progressive Access

Direct Access

Direct Access is the fast track to unrestricted motorcycling freedom for those aged 24 or over.

It's a path that requires commitment, involving CBT, theory, and practical tests, but the reward is unrestricted access to any motorcycle, regardless of power.

Progressive Access

For those under 24, Progressive Access is the key to climbing the motorcycle power ladder.

It's a journey of gaining experience and skill, allowing riders to progress to higher-powered motorcycles in a structured and safe manner.

Under the Progressive Access route, riders can gradually attain licences for more powerful motorbikes.

This path is ideal for those who start with a 125cc motorcycle and wish to move up to a full unrestricted motorcycle licence.

By following this structured approach, riders can gain the necessary skills and experience in a safe and legal manner, eventually leading to riding powerful motorbikes with unlimited power.

Understanding the Theory Test

Before you can rev up the engines on your motorcycle journey, passing the motorcycle theory test is a crucial step.

This test assesses your understanding of road safety and riding principles.

It comprises multiple-choice questions covering topics like traffic signs, rider attitude, and effects of alcohol and drugs on riding abilities.

Additionally, a hazard perception section tests your ability to identify potential hazards on the road.

Successfully passing the theory test is vital for both Direct and Progressive Access routes, laying a foundational understanding of safe riding practices.

Preparing for the Theory Test

Preparing for the motorcycle theory test is a crucial step in your journey to becoming a licensed rider.

This test includes multiple-choice questions and a hazard perception section.

The questions cover a wide range of topics, from motorcycle maintenance to safe riding practices.

A thorough understanding of these topics is essential not only for passing the test but also for ensuring your safety and that of others on the road.

Direct and Progressive Access

The UK offers two main routes to obtaining a full Category A motorcycle licence: Direct Access and Progressive Access.

Each path has its own requirements and benefits, catering to riders of different ages and experience levels.

Comparison of Direct and Progressive Access

Key Differences

1. Age Requirements: Direct Access is available to riders aged 24 and over, while Progressive Access allows riders as young as 21 to obtain a full licence, provided they've held an A2 licence for two years.
2. Experience: Progressive Access ensures riders have at least two years of experience on medium-powered motorcycles before upgrading, potentially making them more prepared for larger bikes.
3. Theory Test: In Direct Access, a valid theory test certificate is required. For Progressive Access, no theory test is needed if upgrading after holding the A2 licence for two years.
4. Time Frame: Direct Access can be completed relatively quickly, often in a matter of weeks. Progressive Access requires a minimum of two years holding an A2 licence before upgrading.

Choosing the Right Path

• Direct Access is ideal for:
  • Riders aged 24 or over
  • Those who want to ride unrestricted motorcycles as quickly as possible
  • Experienced riders from other countries looking to obtain a UK licence
• Progressive Access is suitable for:
  • Younger riders (19-23) who want to work their way up to a full licence
  • Those who prefer a gradual increase in motorcycle power and performance
  • Riders who want to gain substantial experience before handling the most powerful bikes

Both routes lead to the same outcome - a full Category A licence allowing the rider to operate any motorcycle without restrictions.

The choice between Direct and Progressive Access often depends on the rider's age, experience level, and personal preferences regarding the learning process.

Remember, regardless of the chosen route, comprehensive training and a strong focus on safety are crucial for all motorcyclists.

Both paths require passing the same practical tests (Module 1 and Module 2) on equally powerful motorcycles, ensuring a consistent standard of riding ability for all full licence holders.

Related: Can You Buy A Motorcycle Without A License?

Direct Access and Progressive Access

Cost Breakdown for Obtaining a Motorcycle Licence

Safety Gear for Motorcyclists

Power Restrictions and Licence Types

A Licence – The Ultimate Goal

The A Licence represents the pinnacle of motorcycling freedom, allowing riders to operate motorcycles of unlimited power.

This licence is accessible either through the Direct Access scheme at the age of 24 or through the Progressive Access scheme from the age of 21.

Riders with an A Licence can enjoy the thrill of riding on motorways and the ability to carry a pillion passenger, encompassing a wide range of motorbikes, from sports models to cruisers.

A1 Licence

The A1 licence, accessible from age 17, is your ticket to riding motorcycles up to 11 kW and 125 cc.

It's an excellent starting point for young riders, offering a balance between power and manageability.

A2 Licence

At 19, the A2 licence becomes available, allowing you to ride motorcycles with a power output not exceeding 35 kW.

It's a significant step up from the A1 licence, offering more power and a wider range of motorcycles to explore.

Unrestricted Motorcycles

Unrestricted motorcycles are the pinnacle of motorcycling in the UK, with access varying based on the chosen route.

They represent the ultimate goal for many motorcyclists, offering the full experience without any power limits.

Motorcycle Insurance Essentials

Riding a motorcycle isn’t just about freedom and speed; it's also about being responsible.

A critical aspect of this responsibility is ensuring you have the right motorcycle insurance. In the UK, at least third-party insurance is legally required for all motorbikes, including those ridden on motorways.

The type of insurance you'll need can vary based on the motorcycle's power and your licence type, especially when riding with a pillion passenger or on powerful street bikes.

Comprehensive insurance is highly recommended for high-powered motorcycles, as it covers damages to your bike and the third party.

Understanding the nuances of insurance policies helps you make an informed decision, ensuring you're adequately covered as per your licence category.

Obtaining a Full Motorcycle Licence

Getting your full unrestricted motorcycle licence is a journey of skill development and understanding.

Whether through direct access at 24 or progressive access at 21, it's a rewarding achievement that opens up the world of motorcycling without limitations.

Practical Test – Your Path to Freedom

The practical test is a critical step in obtaining a full motorcycle licence.

It consists of two modules: Module One focuses on off-road exercises, while Module Two involves on-road riding.

Passing these tests demonstrates a rider's competence and readiness to handle a motorcycle safely on public roads, including motorways.

Successful completion of the practical test leads to the much-coveted pass certificate.

Safety Gear and Legal Requirements

Equipping yourself with the right safety gear is not just a precaution; it’s a legal requirement in the UK.

Essential gear includes a CE-approved helmet, which is mandatory for all riders, whether on a classic 1200cc Harley or a beginner's 125cc bike.

Other recommended safety equipment includes a riding jacket, gloves, and proper footwear, all of which provide necessary protection and enhance your riding experience.

Provisional Licence

The provisional licence is the first official step towards a full motorcycle licence.

It allows you to practice riding on public roads under certain conditions, paving the way to your full licence after passing the necessary tests.

Renewing and Updating Your Licence

As time goes by, you'll need to keep an eye on the validity of your motorcycle licence.

In the UK, licences require renewals, and the frequency can depend on various factors like your age and the type of licence.

It's important to stay ahead of the renewal dates to self-certify your fitness to ride.

Additionally, if you're progressing from one licence category to another, like climbing the motorcycle licence ladder, updating your licence is crucial.

This involves meeting the specific requirements for the new category and possibly passing additional tests.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Getting Your Motorcycle Licence

Obtaining a motorcycle licence is an exciting journey, but it's easy to fall into common pitfalls.

Here are some key mistakes to avoid and tips to ensure a smoother path to becoming a licensed motorcyclist:

1. Underestimating the importance of CBT: Many new riders view Compulsory Basic Training (CBT) as a mere formality. However, it's a crucial foundation for your riding skills. Take it seriously and use it as an opportunity to build a solid base for your motorcycling journey.

2. Rushing through the process: It's tempting to want to progress quickly, especially if you're eager to ride more powerful bikes. However, taking the time to gain experience at each stage is vital for your safety and skill development. Don't rush to upgrade your licence category before you're truly ready.

3. Neglecting theory preparation: The theory test is often underestimated. Many riders focus solely on the practical aspects of riding and fail to adequately prepare for the theory exam. Dedicate sufficient time to studying the Highway Code and hazard perception skills.

4. Choosing the wrong training school: Not all training schools are equal. Research thoroughly, read reviews, and if possible, visit the school before committing. A good school should prioritize your safety and learning over quick progression.

5. Skimping on practice between lessons: Relying solely on formal lessons isn't enough. Practice regularly between sessions to reinforce what you've learned. However, ensure you're practicing within the legal limits of your current licence status.

6. Overlooking the importance of proper gear: Some new riders underestimate the importance of quality safety gear, especially during training and tests. Invest in proper gear from the start – it's essential for both safety and comfort during your learning process.

7. Failing to budget correctly: The process of obtaining a full motorcycle licence can be more expensive than many anticipate. Factor in potential retests, additional training, and gear costs when budgeting for your licence.

8. Not considering insurance costs: Many new riders forget to research insurance costs before committing to motorcycling. Get quotes early in the process to avoid surprises later.

9. Choosing the wrong bike for your test: Ensure you're comfortable with the bike you'll use for your test. Practice on the same or a similar model if possible. A bike that's too powerful or unfamiliar can negatively impact your performance.

10. Neglecting mental preparation: Riding a motorcycle requires not just physical skills but also the right mindset. Work on developing a calm, focused attitude and learn to manage test anxiety.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you'll be better prepared for the challenges of obtaining your motorcycle licence.

Remember, the goal isn't just to pass the tests, but to become a safe, competent, and confident rider.

Take your time, stay focused on learning, and enjoy the journey to becoming a licensed motorcyclist.

Conclusion

Riding a motorcycle in the UK is an exhilarating experience, but it's crucial to adhere to the age and power restrictions to ensure safety and legality.

Understanding these guidelines not only keeps you on the right side of the law but also ensures that your motorcycling journey is enjoyable and safe.

Whether you're a young rider just starting out or an experienced enthusiast looking to upgrade your licence, staying informed and compliant with these regulations is key to a fulfilling riding experience.

FAQs

What is the difference between a provisional and a full motorcycle licence in the UK?

A provisional motorcycle licence in the UK allows the holder to ride a motorcycle with certain restrictions, such as not carrying a pillion passengers and displaying L-plates. It's mainly for learners. In contrast, a full motorcycle licence removes these restrictions and typically requires passing both theory and practical tests. A full licence can vary in categories, allowing different power and engine sizes depending on the rider's age and experience.

Can I ride a motorcycle in the UK with a foreign licence?

Riders with a non-UK driving licence can ride a motorcycle in the UK for a limited period. However, the rules vary depending on the country where the licence was issued and the rider's resident status. Generally, visitors with a valid licence from their home country can ride small motorcycles up to 125cc. For longer stays or higher-powered bikes, converting to a UK licence or obtaining the appropriate UK licence is necessary.

Are there any age-related restrictions for riding higher-powered motorcycles in the UK?

Yes, the UK imposes age-related restrictions on riding higher-powered motorcycles. Riders must be at least 19 years old to apply for an A2 licence, which allows riding bikes with a power output up to 35 kW. For the unrestricted Category A licence, riders need to be 24 years old for direct access, or 21 years old and have held an A2 licence for two years under the progressive access scheme.

What steps should I take if I want to upgrade my motorcycle licence category in the UK?

To upgrade your motorcycle licence category in the UK, you must first meet the minimum age requirement for the desired category. Then, complete any required training, such as the Compulsory Basic Training (CBT) for new riders. Next, pass the motorcycle theory test if you haven’t already. Finally, take and pass the practical riding test for the specific licence category. It's important to note that upgrading from an A2 to an A licence requires having the A2 licence for at least two years under the progressive access scheme.